Describing and Characterising On-Demand Delivery of Unhealthy Commodities in New Zealand
Abstract
Objective
To determine the geographical location and characteristics of on-demand delivery services operating in New Zealand.
Methods
We systematically searched the web and application (app) stores for on-demand services offering rapid delivery of food, alcohol, cigarettes or vaping products in New Zealand and mapped their geographic location as of May 2021. Using desktop review, data on service characteristics were collected and stratified including: types of commodities available, promotion strategies, and the legal aspects of access to age-restricted items.
Results
On-demand services for food, alcohol and nicotine products operate across urban and rural New Zealand. All services offered personal memberships and 97% used promotions. All services offering restricted items had an age verification process, however, only 87% had birth date entry and 73% had an 18+ message pop-up on website entry. Only 60% of services appeared to have number limits on restricted items.
Conclusions
Much of New Zealand is serviced by on-demand delivery services.
Implications for public health
The trend toward on-demand delivery services may increase unhealthy food, alcohol, and nicotine-related harms and undermine current government actions, e.g. the Smokefree 2025 goal. This research informs policy to reduce the future health burden.
