Rates of Emergency Department Visits Attributable to Alcohol Use in Ontario from 2003 to 2016: A Retrospective Population-Level Study
Research article
Summary
New research shows dramatically rising visits to emergency departments (ED) related to alcohol, especially for women and youth. For example, the research documented a 175% increase in alcohol-related visits from young people aged 25 to 29. The analysis shows increases in ED visits related to alcohol are increasing much faster than overall ED usage.
Abstract
Background
Alcohol use causes a large burden on the health of Canadians, and alcohol-related harms appear to be increasing in many high-income countries. The researchers sought to analyze changes in emergency department visits attributable to alcohol use, by sex, age and neighbourhood income over time.
Methods
All individuals aged 10 to 105 years living in Ontario, Canada, between 2003 and 2016 were included in this study. The primary outcome was age-standardized rates of emergency department visits attributable to alcohol use, defined using diagnostic codes from the Canadian Institute for Health Information Health Indicator “hospitalizations entirely caused by alcohol.”
The researchers compared rates of these visits using a retrospective population-level design.
Results
Among 15,121,639 individuals, there were 765,346 emergency department visits attributable to alcohol use over the study period.
Between 2003 and 2016, the age-standardized rates of these visits increased more in women (86.5%) than in men (53.2%), and the increase in rates of emergency department visits attributable to alcohol use was 4.4 times greater than the increases in the rates of overall emergency department visits. Individuals aged 25–29 years experienced the largest change in the rate of emergency department visits attributable to alcohol use (175%).
The researchers found evidence of age-cohort effects, whereby the rate of emergency department visits attributable to alcohol use at age 19 years increased on average by 4.07% per year for each cohort born between 1986 and 1999. Individuals in the lowest neighbourhood income quintile had 2.37 times the rate of emergency department visits attributable to alcohol use than those in the highest income quintile. This disparity increased slightly over the study period.
Interpretation
Although men and lower-income individuals have the highest burden of emergency department visits attributable to alcohol use, the largest increases in visits have been in women and younger adults.
Further research should focus on potential causes of these trends to provide guidance on how to reduce alcohol-related harms.
Quote:
[To minimize harms] the federal and provincial governments should employ a public health approach to maximize benefits and minimize harms,” writes Dr. Sheryl Spithoff, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, in a related commentary, as per Medical Xpress.
Alcohol should be available for sale only within licensed and strictly monitored facilities with limited hours. Taxes and price minimums should be used to reduce alcohol-related harms. The increase in tax revenues could be used to fund essential provincial programs.”